It is similar to the M-array glide path antenna system, radiated by three antennas with capture effect. In the paper, a new kind of image type glide path antenna system is introduced. Mainly used to lateral terrain is limited location, so the end-fire does not need a plane to form image pattern. In the above three types, this one is the best choice for difficult sites originated from the most tolerant to FF reflectors and rising terrain and non-image type: end-fire glide path. It is also called capture effect, using two frequencies to provide course and clearance. However, the immediate ground plane needs more stringent smoothness criteria M-array glide path antenna. Contributed to its lower height, this kind of GP antenna requires the least amount of smooth ground plane. It is the simplest one, but needs extensive smooth ground plane, and is the most affected by rising terrain or reflector in the FF band side reference glide path antenna. Such as image type: null reference glide path antenna. When the aircraft is to the left of the course in the predominately 90 Hz region, the signals received by the airborne receiver will produce a “fly right” indication for the pilot.Ī series of glide path antennas were produced. The Course Line (CL) is the vertical plane where the 90 Hz and 150 Hz modulations are equal. One pattern is modulated by 90 Hz and the other by 150 Hz. For GP, produces a course formed by the intersection of the antenna and its image for horizontal polarization. The ILS, in its present 90/150 Hz format, supports lateral guidance by LOC and longitudinal guidance by GP. The MB is replaced or supplemented, at some time, by a “Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)” to provide continuous reading of distance. The ILS normally consists of VHF “Localizer (LOC)” for runway alignment guidance, an UHF “Glide Path (GP)” for elevation guidance and “Marker Beacons (MB)” for providing key checkpoints along the approach. ILS was adopted by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1947 and will be in service until at least 2020. Since then, ILS became the international standard system for approach and landing guidance. The Instrument Landing System (ILS) had its beginnings in the United States and England during the years 1939 to 1945.
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